Hello to my fellow hamateur radio and SWL radio enthusiasts around the world.
Welcome to my “not for profit” daily HF radio wave propagation forecast
and solar, space and geomagnetic weather discussion.
If you find this
"not for profit" daily HF radio wave propagation forecast and solar, space and
geomagnetic weather discussion useful to your hamateur and SWL radio activities,
feel free to drop me a line and let me know that
at
thomasfgiella@gmail.com .
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redistribute this "not for profit"
daily HF radio wave propagation forecast
and solar, space and geomagnetic weather discussion, as long as you redistribute
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give me credit for it.
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.
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#244
Issued Friday September 1, 2017 at 1700 UTC
Global Daily HF Radio Wave
Propagation Forecast-
HF radio wave propagation conditions trend- steady
state, which means neither improving nor deteriorating.
Northern
Hemisphere Radio Wave Propagation Forecast-
80-60 (75-60) meters- poor at
night and very poor at day, 40-30
(41-25) meters- fair at night and poor at
day, 20-17 (22-16) meters-
fair at night and fair at
day, 15 (13) meters- poor
at night and fair at
day, 12-10 (11)
meters- very poor at night and very poor at day.
Keep in mind that almost
daily during the northern hemisphere summer season you will find that the 10
(11) meter bands will open via short north-south and east-west propagation paths
via sporadic E (Es). Also when multiple sporadic E (Es) clouds form and line up
favorably much longer propagation paths open up on east-west paths. And last but
not least north-south propagation paths occur across the equator via trans
equatorial propagation (TEP).
Southern Hemisphere
Radio Wave Propagation Forecast-
80-60 (75-60) meters- fair at night and poor
at day,
40-30 (41-25) meters- fair at night and fair at day,
20-17
(22-16) meters- very poor at night and fair at day,
15 (13) meters- very
poor at night and poor at day,
12-10 (11) meters- very poor at night and very
poor at day.
During the southern hemisphere winter season the higher HF
bands of 10-20 meters (11-19 meters) close sooner due to less sun light
illuminating the ionosphere than in the northern hemisphere. But the maximum
useable frequency (MUF) is higher than in the northern hemisphere as the F layer
of the ionosphere is lower in height and is more dense.
Received RF
signal strength scale-
Very Good- +1 over S9 Or Greater
Good-
S7-9
Fair- S4-6
Poor- S1-3
Very Poor- S0
Meter Band
Equivalents
Ham & SWL
160-> 90
80-> 75
60->
60
40-> 49, 41
30-> 31, 25
20-> 22,
19
17-> 16, 15
15-> 13
12,10-> 11
We are now
firmly in summer/winter solstice type of HF radio wave propagation
conditions.
This means generally poor HF radio wave propagation
conditions in the northern hemisphere especially at day and generally good HF
radio wave propagation conditions in the southern hemisphere especially at
day.
Globally HF radio wave propagation conditions are most evenly
balanced
during the fall and spring equinoxes and most diametrically opposed
during
the summer and winter solstice.
Conditions change daily,
weekly, monthly, yearly and by decade, as the
sun rises and sets at
different times and at different angles from the
ecliptic, as well as by
radio wave frequency. This is due to changes in the
maximum usable frequency
(MUF), lowest usable frequency (LUF) and F layer
critical frequency
(FoF2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This
HF Radio wave propagation forecast is produced based on the SIGINT_CAP HF radio
wave propagation prediction software. I wrote it beginning in the late 1980’s
but I’m sorry to say that it can’t be distributed to the general
public.
And though this HF radio wave propagation forecast is produced
based on the SIGINT_CAP, I do check the actual band conditions at my location in
the USA and tweak the forecast manually where and when necessary. I also check
global HF radio wave propagation conditions via remoted radio receivers around
on every continent of the globe and tweak the forecast manually if and when
necessary.
The hamateur radio JT65A mode RF signal levels received are
based on 5 watts and ½ wave dipole up at 40 feet.
The hamateur radio
PSK31 mode RF signal levels received are based on 25 watts and ½ wave dipole up
at 40 feet.
The hamateur radio CW mode RF signal levels received are
based on 50 watts and ½ wave dipole up at 40 feet.
The hamateur radio SSB
RF mode signal levels received are based on 100 watts and ½ wave dipole up at 40
feet.
The HF shortwave broadcast band AM Mode RF signal levels are based
on 100,000 watts (100 kw) and a typical high gain VOA type curtain array
antenna.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please
keep in mind that this is a relatively simplified HF radio wave
propagation
forecast, so as to keep it easily understandable and applicable by the average
radio enthusiast.
Globally HF radio wave propagation conditions are most
evenly balanced
during the fall and spring equinoxes and most diametrically
opposed during
the summer and winter solstices.
Conditions change
daily, weekly, monthly, yearly and by decade, as the
sun rises and sets at
different times and at different angles from the
ecliptic, as well as by
radio wave frequency. This is due to changes in the
maximum usable frequency
(MUF), lowest usable frequency (LUF) and F layer
critical frequency
(FoF2).
The D and E layers also come into play through RF radio wave
signal
absorption and refraction. And then there is sporadic E (Es) radio
wave
propagation that can really throw a wrench into the gears so to
speak.
Things like sporadic E (Es) radio wave propagation and lightning
storm
static can impact HF radio wave propagation in an unpredictable manner
and
mostly bad.
Ongoing solar, space and geomagnetic weather goings
on also impact HF radio
wave propagation conditions in a negative
manner.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solar,
Space & Geomagnetic Weather Conditions On
Thursday August 31,
2017-
Solar activity was high.
Earth's geomagnetic field was at a
minor geomagnetic storming level.
The three daily solar flux index (SFI)
numbers were 91.4 91.9 92.2.
They were the highest daily SFI numbers in
quite a while.
The official daily sunspot number
(SSN) was 59.
That was the highest daily SSN in quite a while.
In
2017 officially there were 56 days with a daily sunspot number (SSN) of
0.
Considering that solar minimum won't occur for approximately 2
more years,
+/- 1 year, daily SSN's of 0 are occurring unusually
early.
In 2016 officially there were 32 days with a daily sunspot number
(SSN) of
0.
As we move forward towards the next solar minimum
between solar cycle #24
and #25 the number of days with a 0 daily SSN will
steadily increase.
Eventually every day for many, many, many months will see
a 0, the big goose
egg.
In 2008 I forecasted solar cycle 24 to be the
weakest in the past 100 years
and that forecast verified. I also forecasted
that solar cycle 25 would be
virtually nonexistent, similar to the Dalton
type solar minimum that
occurred in the early 1800's.
Other than
sunspot magnetic polarity it will probably be very difficult to determine when
solar cycle 24 ended and solar cycle 25
began.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Officially
there were 4 earth facing sun spot groups (SSG).
Sunspot group (SSG)
#12672 was located near N08W72 with a complex beta magnetic signature.
It was capable of producing a small in size C class solar flare and an
isolated moderate in size M class solar flare.
Sunspot group (SSG) #12673
was located near SE09E37 with a simple alpha magnetic signature.
It was
capable of producing a small in size C class solar flare.
Sunspot group
(SSG) #12674 was located near N13E53 with a complex beta magnetic signature.
It was capable of producing a small in size C class solar flare and an
isolated moderate in size M class solar flare.
There was a newly emerged
sunspot group (SSG) #12675 located near S07W22 with a complex beta magnetic
signature.
It was capable of producing a small in size C class solar
flare and an isolated moderate in size M class solar flare.
There
were 2 unofficial and as of yet unnumbered earth facing sunspot groups (SSG)
near
S10W08,
S32W24.
There was 1 small in size C class solar
flare,
C2.0.
There was no directly earth aimed (geoeffective)
coronal mass ejection (CME).
There was no partially earth aimed coronal
mass ejection (CME).
No directly earth aimed (geoeffective) coronal mass
ejection (CME) related high and mid latitude energetic proton storm >10 MeV
(10+0) occurred.
No partially earth aimed coronal mass ejection (CME)
related high and mid latitude energetic proton storm >10 MeV (10+0) occurred.
The high latitude absorption is called polar cap absorption. The mid
latitude absorption is caused by energetic protons spiraling down earth’s
magnetic field lines into the equatorial ring current.
No directly earth
aimed (geoeffective) solar flare related x-ray day side solar fade out (SFO)
occurred.
No directly earth aimed (geoeffective) collapsing magnetic
filament eruption occurred.
The 24 hour period 3 hour interval planetary
K index (Kp) was at minor geomagnetic storming to quiet geomagnetic conditions
of
2 3 5 5 5 4 4 3.
The 24 hour period 3 hour interval Boulder,
CO K index was at minor geomagnetic storming to quiet geomagnetic conditions of
2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2.
The K(p) geomagnetic indices are-
0-2-
quiet
3- unsettled
4- active
5- minor geomagnetic storming
6-
moderate
7- strong
8- severe
9- extreme
10- our atmosphere just got
cooked off like on Mars and we are all dead.
The 24 hour period maximum
and minimum planetary A index (Ap) ranged between
48 and 6,
which
was at minor geomagnetic storming to quiet geomagnetic conditions.
The Ap
geomagnetic indices are-
0-7- quiet
8-15 unsettled
16-29-
active
30-49- minor geomagnetic storm
50-99- major
100-400-
severe
>401- our atmosphere just got cooked off like on Mars and we are
all dead.
The 24 hour period averaged energetic proton flux was at a
background level below 10 MeV.
The 24 hour period averaged background
x-ray flux was at C2.06.
The 24 hour period averaged vertical component
(Bz) of earth's geomagnetic magnetic field was at
+0.97 nT
north.
The 24 hour period maximum and minimum disturbance storm time
index (Dst) ranged between
-60 and -16 nT.
The -60nT number
represents moderate geomagnetic storming, and is the most negative in quite a
while.
The 24 hour period maximum and minimum solar wind speed ranged
between
708 and 345 km/s.
The 708 km/s number is the fastest
solar wind speed in quite a while.
There was a recurrent very large in
size earth facing trans equatorial coronal hole (CH) #822 (#818).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL
GUIDELINES CONCERNING CORRELATION OF PROPAGATION INDICES TO ACTUAL HF
PROPAGATION CONDITIONS-
NOTE!!! The propagation indices "interpretations"
are my personal
intellectual property. Therefore the radio wave propagation
indices
interpretations contained herein is copyrighted © 1988-2017 by
Thomas F.
Giella, W4HM, all rights reserved. Reproduction of information
herein is
allowed without permission in advance as long as proper credit is
given.
All 14 of the following indices have to occur as described below
in order to
see the best global high frequency radio wave propagation
possible,
something that happens rarely.
1.) Dropping geomagnetic
field indices numbers are better, Kp of 0 best.
2.) A daily sunspot
number of 150 or higher, 200 or higher best.
3.) A daily sunspot number
of greater than 100 for routine stable formation
of the E Valley/F Layer
ducting mechanism.
4.) Previous 24 hour Ap index under 10, fewer than 7
for several days
consecutively are best.
5.) Previous 3 hours Kp
index fewer than 3 for mid latitude paths, fewer
than 2 for high latitude
paths, 0 for several days consecutively is best.
6.) Energetic protons no
greater than 10 MeV (10+0).
7.) Background x-ray flux levels greater than
B1 for several days
consecutively, greater than C1 best.
8.) No
current STRATWARM alert.
9.) Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz with
a (positive number) sign,
indicates a lesser chance of high latitude path
aurora
absorption/unpredictable refraction or scattering of medium frequency
RF
signals, when the Kp is above 3.
10.) A -10 or better towards a
positive number Dst index during the recovery
time after a geomagnetic
storm, as related to the equatorial ring current. A
positive number is
best.
11.) Rising positive T index number. The T Index tracks with the F2
layer
critical frequency (foF2) and sunspot number (SSN) and indicates the
capability of the F2 layer to refract RF signals.
12.) Galactic
cosmic rays decrease to -3 units below zero and trending
towards
zero.
13.) Energetic electron flux levels no greater than 2 MeV
(2+0).
14. A solar wind speed of less than 300 km/s for several days
consecutively.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standard
Disclaimer-
Note! I use error prone RAW public domain data from the NOAA
Space
Environment Center, other U.S. government entities and educational
institutions, to produce my comprehensive HF radio wave propagation
forecast. This data is gathered and made public by the U.S. Government using
taxpayer $$$ (including mine).
However the solar, space and
geomagnetic discussions as well as the HF propagation forecast that I produce
from the RAW public domain
data is my personal intellectual property.
Therefore the solar, space and geomagnetic weather discussions and HF radio wave
propagation forecast contained herein is copyrighted © 1988-2017 by Thomas
F. Giella, W4HM.
Feel free without advanced permission to
redistribute this "not for profit"
solar, space and geomagnetic weather
discussion and HF radio wave propagation forecast, as long as you redistribute
it in its entirety and
give me credit for it.
Also solar, space and
geomagnetic weather forecasting is still an inexact
science. The forecasts
are not official but for educational and hobby
related purposes only and are
subject to human error and acts of God,
therefore no guarantee or warranty
implied.
